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Worship (Lesson 5) – Aaron Cozort – August 26, 2026

Take your Bibles, if you will,
and open them to the book of Genesis.
We have been continuing our study
concerning worship,
and we’re going to be continuing that this
evening.
We’re gonna jump back into the Old
Testament.
We spent a little bit of time,
a couple of weeks in the New Testament.
We’re gonna spend a little bit more time
in the Old Testament looking
at some matters related to worship.
And ~ then we’ll deal with a few things.
But as we get into that, we’re actually
going to begin with some time
~ spent looking at some of the altars that
are in Genesis.
And then also ~ looking at some things
related to God’s sovereignty.
But let’s begin with a word of prayer and
then we’ll get into our study.
Our gracious Father in Heaven,
we come before you grateful for the day
you’ve blessed us with,
mindful of those who are ill,
those who are struggling with physical
maladies,
~ those who are
facing upcoming procedures and those who
are trying to recover from
~ diseases and and difficulties.
Lord, we pray that your healing hand be
upon them and that their health
and that their abilities be retained back
to their desired state.
Lord, we pray that you be with those who
are from this congregation that deal with
chronic disease and and hardship.
And Lord, we pray that you
Help them as well. Lord, we pray that you
be with this nation and this state.
We pray that you be with this region,
this city that we belong to. May we have
open doors of opportunity.
May the gospel have an influence
throughout this area and throughout this
country
and throughout the world. May we always
stand boldly for the truth.
And Lord, may we be firm in standing.
To say that we ought to worship you and
you alone.
Lord, we pray that you will forgive us
when we sin and fall short of your glory.
We pray that you will bless the work of
our hands and the labor
of this congregation and the opportunities
that it has.
And all of this we pray and ask in Jesus’
name.
Amen.
As you get into the book of Genesis,
you find in the beginning of chapter four,
we’ve noticed this briefly, the events of
Cain and Abel and the worship that
is offered there. Cain will offer of the
what?
Fruit of the ground. Abel will offer what?
All right, the firstborn of the flock.
~ now, one point to make, we’re not gonna
spend a lot of time dwelling
on that since we’ve already looked at it,
but one point to be made ~ is you find in
verse three
of Genesis four, and in the process of
time it came to pass that Cain brought
an offering of the fruit of the ground to
the Lord.
The one of the contrasts that we see in
the text between
What is stated about Abel’s sacrifice and
what is stated about Cain’s
is actually found in verse 4. So
generically being stated,
Cain offered of the fruit of the ground.
But when you notice verse 4, Abel also
brought of the firstborn
of the flock and of their fat,
and the Lord respected Abel and his
offering.
If you were to just examine the text.
You would say, okay, well, we could look
at the comparison or
the contrast of offerings. Cain offered of
the fruit of the ground.
Abel offered of the f ~ of the flock.
Cain, it doesn’t state whether his was the
first fruit of
the ground or not. Abel, it specifically
states that it
was the firstborn of the flock.
Track forward to the days of the Mosaic
Law,
and what does God require of the people?
The first of everything. All right,
turn to Exodus chapter twelve.
Exodus chapter 12, as the Israelites
are beginning to proceed or about to
proceed out of the land of Egypt,
there is the tenth and final plague,
which happens in chapter 11, and it is the
death of what?
The firstborn. In chapter 12,
you open up the text, and the Lord spoke
to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,
saying,
This month shall be your beginning of
months,
and it shall be the first month of the
year to you.
Speak to all the children of Israel,
saying, On the tenth of this month every
man shall take for himself a lamb,
according to the house of his father,
a lamb for a household. And if the
household is too small for the lamb,
let him and his neighbor take to his
house,
let’s sorry, next to his house,
take it according to the number of the
persons.
According to each man’s need you shall
make your count for the lamb.
Your lamb shall be without blemish,
a male of the first year, you may take it
from the sheep or from the goats.
Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth
day of the same month,
then the whole assembly of the
congregation of Israel shall kill it at
twilight,
and they shall take some of the blood and
put it on the two doorposts,
and on the lintels of the house where they
eat it.
And they shall eat the flesh on that
night,
roasted in fire, and unleavened bread,
and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
Do not eat it raw nor boiled with all at
all with water,
but roasted in fire, its head with its
legs and its entrails.
You shall let none of it remain until
morning,
and what remains of it until morning you
shall burn with fire,
and thus you shall eat it with your belt
on your waist,
your sandals on your feet, and your staff
in your hand,
so you shall eat it in haste. It is the
Lord’s Passover.
For I will pass through the land of Egypt
on that night,
and I will strike all the firstborn in the
land of Egypt,
both man and beast, and against all the
gods of Egypt I will execute judgment.
I am the Lord. Now the blood shall be a
sign for you on the houses where
you are, and when I see the blood I will
pass over you,
and the plague shall not be on you to
destroy you when I strike the land of
Egypt.
So this day shall be to you a memorial.
And you shall keep it as a feast to the
Lord throughout all your generations.
You shall keep it as a feast by
everlasting ordinance.
Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.
On the first day you shall remove leaven
from your houses.
For whoever eats leavened bread from the
first day until the seventh day,
that person shall be cut off from Israel.
On the first day there shall be a holy
convocation.
On the seventh day there shall be a holy
convocation for you.
No manner of work shall be done on them,
but that which every one must ~ but that
which everyone must eat,
that only may be prepared for you.
So you shall observe the feast of
unleavened bread,
for on this day I have brought your armies
out of the land of Egypt.
Therefore you shall observe this day
throughout your generations
as an everlasting ordinance. In the first
month,
on the fourteenth day of the month at
evening,
you shall eat unleavened bread until the
twenty-first day of the month at evening.
For seven days no leaven shall be found in
your houses,
since whoever eats whoever eats what is
leavened,
that same person shall be cut off from the
congregation of Israel,
whether he is a stranger or a native of
the land.
You shall eat nothing leavened in all your
dwellings,
you shall eat unleavened bread.
Then Moses called for all the elders of
Israel and said to them,
Pick out and take lambs of yourself ~ for
yourselves according to your families,
and kill the Passover lamb.
And he gives them the instructions on what
they’re to do.
And verse 29 and 30, you have the death of
the firstborn.
Okay? As God brings this plague upon
Israel,
God institutes the Passover.
God creates the calendar for Israel all
over again.
Here’s the beginning of your year.
And in the beginning of your year,
on the tenth day, you’re going to do this.
And on this, the 14th day, you’re gonna do
this.
And on the 21st day, you’re going to do
this.
But it in the very first year,
the fundamental thing behind the Passover
was
the plague of the firstborn.
You step over to chapter 13, and God is
going
to consecrate the firstborn.
God is going to claim the firstborn of
Israel.
Forever. Notice chapter thirteen.
Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
Consecrate to me all the firstborn,
whatever opens the womb from the children
of Israel,
both of man and beast, it is what?
Mine. Mine.
God is going to tell Israel, your
firstborn child,
it’s mine. Your firstborn lamb is mine.
Firstborn cow, it’s mine. Your firstborn
of everything.
Ultimately, when you follow this through
to the Mosaic ordinances,
the firstborn of every field, the first
fruits.
Belong to the Lord. Matter of fact,
there will be a feast of first fruits.
God is going to tell Israel, the first of
everything is mine.
It’s always interesting me when people in
the religious world talk about tithing.
They’ll say, Well, God commanded a tithe.
That is technically accurate in the Mosaic
law,
except it ignores the majority of what God
commanded.
Because God commanded
The first. And God commanded a tenth.
And God commanded special feasts.
And God commanded other things.
When you start adding it up, God God
actually commanded about 25%
of everything that came out of Israel.
Okay? So when you start doing the math,
like, no, ~ you just went with the easiest
one to calculate because it’s
in the name. It’s called a tenth,
it’s a tithe. But God commanded way more.
than 10% when it comes to Israel.
Now, when you look at this text,
you find an interesting detail with
Genesis 3 that what
God respected in what Abel did is Abel
offered
the first thing.
Abel, as he worships,
will offer to God what comes first.
And if he gives to God what comes first,
what is Abel by a token of doing that
saying about himself?
That God comes first. Because generally
speaking,
you’re going to give the thing that comes
first to whoever matters most.
So if you keep what is first and you give
God what is last,
then who’s most important? You are.
Because you gave to yourself first.
It’s one of the principles because we’re.
All of this discussion is not just to get
a history of worship,
it’s to establish what are the principles
that we worship by.
Well, when you think about the offering
that we give on the first day of the week,
should we be setting aside our offering
and setting aside what we offer
to the Lord as the first thing or what’s
left over?
I know when I present it that way,
everybody says, well, the first thing.
But do we actually do that? When we sit
down and look at the money that comes into
our lives, do we go, all right,
here’s the Lord’s. Now I gotta make
everything else work because
the Lord’s area is not going to get cut.
Now, step over, if you will,
to 2 Corinthians.
Paul, as he is writing to the church at
Corinth
Is going to discuss this very idea in the
discussion of what
he will say concerning.
The people in Macedonia, in that they not
only give first to God,
they give more than they could give to
God.
Second Corinthians chapter 8 and verse 1
Moreover,
brethren, we make known to you the grace
of God bestowed on churches of Macedonia,
that in great trial of affliction and
abundance of their joy,
their deep poverty abounded in riches of
their liberality.
For I bear them witness that according to
their ability.
Yes, and beyond their ability,
they were f freely willing, imploring us
with much urgency that
we should receive the gift and the
fellowship of the ministering of the
saints,
not only as we had hoped, but they first
gave themselves to the Lord,
and then to us by the will of God.
Paul says as he’s calling to mind what the
Macedonian Christians have done,
is he’s writing this letter from Macedonia
to the churches in Corinth.
He’s writing to them and says,
Hey, I you need to know what the church at
Macedonia did.
First of all, you need to know their
state.
They’re in deep poverty. As ~ as Jim
McGuigan would say over in
the book of Revelation, about one of the
churches that’s described as being poor
in the book of Revelation.
There’s two words in the Greek for poor.
There’s the one who’s poor, and then
there’s the people who are poor.
They have nothing. They don’t have a they
don’t have
a simple lack. They are destitute.
This idea is destitute. And yet Paul is in
their presence,
and Paul is telling them concerning the
state of the churches in Judea,
and Paul is telling them about the
willingness of the Corinthians to give,
and the Macedonians beg him. They plead
with him to accept their gift.
Paul says is essentially saying,
listen, we would have just reflect
rejected it out of right because they
don’t have
anything to give.
But given that they didn’t have anything
to give,
what they did is they gave of themselves
first.
They said, Well, we don’t have anything.
But we’ll go get something,
and then we’ll give it. So here you have a
group of people
who are already destitute, and they go get
something so they can give
it before they ever worry about their own
state.
This idea of putting God first.
Turn over first Corinthians chapter
sixteen.
First Corinthians chapter 16. Now
concerning the collection for the saints,
as I have given order to the churches of
Galatians,
so you must do also. On the first day of
the week,
let each one of you lay something aside,
storing up as he may prosper, that there
be no collections when I come.
Now, as Paul gave the instruction to the
Corinthians preceding the thing that he’s
writing about in Second Corinthians,
when he gave the initial instruction,
he says, All right.
Corinthians. I’ve given the churches to
the Order of Galatia.
I’ve told them what they’re supposed to be
doing in regards to this gift
to benefit the churches of Judea.
He says you collect it on the first day of
the week and you collect
it according to what?
As you have prospered. Now tie what you
have from
the Old Testament to what you have in the
New Testament.
God says the firstborn of everything is
mine.
What if you didn’t have anything born?
You have anything to give?
No. Wha what if the first ~ fruit of all
of your field belongs to the Lord and your
field doesn’t produce anything?
You have anything to give?
No. There are circumstances and there are
times where God’s
expectation is zero.
Because ten percent of zero is zero.
All right. We do the math on that one
pretty easy.
And this was an interesting discussion
that that came up when we were
in the school of preaching because one of
the instructors asked the question,
Is it ever appropriate on the first day of
the week to not give?
And the answer is yes. When you’ve not
prospered.
Because what God is saying is,
you give to me first. Now,
what we have to be careful about is when
we look at our bank account and go,
well, I ~ I I obligated myself to the
bank,
and I obligated myself to the company that
sells the boat,
and I obligated myself to the company that
sells the car,
and I obligated myself to the
To the company that sells the internet,
and I obligated myself to the company that
sells the cell phone.
So as a result of that, I don’t have
anything to give to the Lord.
That’s not gonna work out. Because what
you did is you said,
Well, the house is important and the boat
is important and the car
is important and the cell phone’s
important,
the internet’s important, but the Lord
needs to get what’s left.
Okay?
So as we consider going all the way from
Genesis 3 all the way forward,
there’s this fundamental idea in what God
says
is respected and acceptable when it comes
to worship.
And it is what is first.
Now, yes, Ava.
Absolutely. We’re we’re headed back to
Exodus thirteen because one
of the things that you saw already in the
text that we read in Exodus twelve
is that God said, Hey, everybody’s not
gonna give the same thing.
Because not everything is appropriate at
the same level.
He already mentioned, you know what,
for the number of some families,
they should give a lamb by themselves.
But there are other families that by
reason of number it is not appropriate
for them to give a lamb by themselves.
They and their neighbor can combine
together to give.
Okay? So in this, you have
God understanding circumstance.
Over in 1 Corinthians chapter 16,
Paul understands circumstance.
Over in 2 Corinthians chapter 8,
God and Paul both in in the writing of
this to the church
at Corinth are understanding circumstance.
But the principle behind the giving
is a manifestation of an attitude that
says,
God’s going to come first, as opposed to
God’s going to come last.
Turn ~ back to chapter 13 of Exodus.
In Exodus chapter thirteen
~ we’re going to start in verse eleven.
It shall be when the Lord brings you into
the land of the Canaanites,
as he swore to you and your fathers and
gives it to you.
Now, first thing to note, when does this
ordinance begin?
When they get into the land of Canaan.
This is not an ordinance that begins at
Mount Sinai.
This is not an ordinance that begins in a
forty year wilderness wandering.
This is an ordinance that begins when they
receive the land
God had promised them. Okay? So worth
pointing out,
but there are going to be some things that
occur along the way beforehand.
He says, It shall be the case when you
bring when the Lord brings you into
the land of the Canaanites, as he swore to
you and your fathers,
and gives it to you, that you shall set
apart to the Lord all that opens the womb.
That is, every firstborn that comes from
an animal which you have,
the males shall be the Lord’s.
But every firstborn of a donkey you shall
redeem with a lamb.
And if you will not redeem it,
then you shall break its neck.
And all the firstborn of man among your
sons you shall redeem.
So it shall be when your son asks you in
time to come,
saying, What is this? That you shall say
to him,
By strength of hand, the Lord brought us
out of Egypt,
out of the house of bondage. And it came
to pass when Pharaoh
was stubborn about letting us go,
that the Lord killed all the firstborn in
the land of Egypt,
both the firstborn of man and the
firstborn of beast,
therefore I sacrifice to the Lord all.
All males that open the womb, but all the
firstborn of my sons I redeem,
and it shall be as a sign on your hand and
as frontlets between your eyes,
for by strength of hand the Lord brought
us out of Egypt.
So God is going to essentially say,
firstborn of everything, beast of burden,
or one of your own children, if it’s a
firstborn male,
it belongs to me. Now
As you track forward in the text,
you’re going to find that God is going to
offer to Israel a substitute.
What is going to be the substitute for the
firstborn of every tribe?
That’s correct. The Levites. Essentially,
what is going to happen is God is going to
claim the Levitical tribe as his tribe.
So the Levites are going to be the
substitute.
And so every year, essentially,
what they were to do is they were to
number the number of Levites.
And then they were to number the people.
And they were to basically pay the
difference between the Levites and
the rest of the people.
So that the Levites stood as the
redemption of the firstborn.
But as we bring these thoughts to mind,
consider that God is saying,
the first belongs to me.
And you have that principle highlighted
highlighted already
in Genesis chapter four. It can is
consistently true.
All the way through the Old and the New
Testament.
Now I want to spend just a little bit of
time in the book of Isaiah.
We’re gonna begin in Isaiah chapter six,
and we’re going to consider the idea
of God’s sovereignty. When you think about
worship,
and when you think about this idea of
giving the first to the Lord,
someone might come along and say,
Well, why? I’m not an Israelite,
and God didn’t save my family out of
Egyptian bondage,
so why should I give the first to the
To the Lord. And the answer comes from who
God is.
It comes from the sovereignty of God.
~ that idea of a sovereign.
What what is a sovereign in a national
perspective?
Alright, something that stands on its own.
It generally speaking, you would be
considering even either a government
or a king or a queen. The sovereign is the
ruler over that
nation. Okay? They stand on their own,
and everyone else is subject to them.
That’s what we’re talking about.
Isaiah highlights in a number of passages
the sovereignty of.
The exclusive rule of God.
In Isaiah chapter six, beginning in verse
one,
we read, In the first year that King
Uzziah died,
I saw the Lord sitting on a throne,
high and lifted up, and the train of his
robe filled the temple.
And there and above it stood Seraphim.
Each one had six wings, with two he
covered his face,
with two he covered his feet.
And with two he flew. And one cried to
another and said,
Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts.
The whole earth is full of his glory.
There’s a song that we sing that’s in our
psalm books.
Holy, holy, holy,
Lord God Almighty. When you examine that
song,
that song
Pertains to, it derives itself from Isaiah
and other passages,
but it pertains to the sovereignty of God.
The declaration from the seraphim here is
there’s nobody else like
God. There’s nobody that’s comparable to
God.
There’s nobody who is above God.
Notice what we read.
And the posts of the door were shaken by
the voice of him who cried out,
and the house was filled with smoke.
So I said to me, Woe is me, for I am
undone,
because I am a man of unclean lips,
and I dwell in the midst of a people of
unclean lips,
for my eyes have seen what? The king.
Isaiah in division,
as he sees this, he sees himself and he
says,
Woe is me!
Now, when Isaiah says this,
do you think Isaiah is saying,
you know what? I I I’m really just I’m not
a good Israelite.
I I I don’t do what the Lord says.
Generally speaking, I live a pretty
rebellious life against the Lord.
You think that’s what he means?
No. What Isaiah is saying is I’m looking
at myself and I’m looking at the Lord,
and we don’t compare.
I’m looking at his holiness and I don’t
match up.
I look at myself and I I realize I
am imperfect in comparison to someone who
is entirely perfect.
And Isaiah will proclaim himself to be a
man of unclean lips,
dwelling in the midst of a people of
unclean lips.
Then one of the seraphim flew to me,
having in his hand alive coal which had
taken which he had taken from
the tongs from the altar, and he touched
my mouth with it and said,
Behold this has touched your lips,
your iniquity is taken away, and your sin
purged.
As the Seraphim comes from the throne of
God,
he goes to the altar because the remember
the picture is happening in the temple.
Okay? So the if you were to try and
envision what Isaiah is seeing,
Isaiah is seeing in the vision,
here’s the temple, and here’s the place by
the way,
here’s the place in the holiest of holies
in the temple.
Here’s the throne of God. What represented
the throne of God that
had the seraphim over it in the temple in
Israel?
The Ark of the Covenant. When you think
about the Ark of the Covenant,
you have a box overlaid with gold with a
lid.
On the top of the lid you had the mercy
seat,
and over the mercy seat you had the
seraphim.
And so Isaiah in the vision is seeing the
temple,
not Israel’s temple. He’s seeing the
Lord’s temple.
He’s seeing the dwelling place of God.
He’s seeing the throne room of God.
Very reminiscent for those of us who are
in the Revelation class
of Revelation chapter 4 and chapter 5.
Isaiah sees the temple of God and he sees
the throne room of God and
he sees the seraphim, and the seraphim
flies from above the
throne of God and goes to the altar.
Takes one of the coals of the altar and
puts it on the mouth of Isaiah.
And he says, Essentially, you’re correct,
you’re right. Your lips are unclean.
But now I’ve taken your iniquity away.
I have made your lips holy.
Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying,
Whom shall I send? And who will go for us?
As Isaiah is seeing this vision,
he hears a proclamation, he hears a
question from the Lord.
I’ve got a message, I need to send it
through somebody.
Who can I get to go for us?
Then I said, Here am I.
Send me. Another one of the songs in our
songbook.
Here am I. Send me. But Isaiah sees
the Lord in the vision.
And his immediate reaction is this
individual is
of such great holiness and of such great
power and such great position.
I am not worthy to be in his presence.
I am not worthy. My people are not worthy.
And none of us can open our mouth and
speak his words because of how holy it is.
And yet God will make the lips of Isaiah
holy.
And then God will say, Now I’m going to
use your lips.
Verse 9, he said, Go and tell this people,
keep on hearing, but do not understand.
Keep on seeing.
But do not perceive.
Now, Jesus used a phrase over and over and
over again,
He that has ears to hear,
let him hear. The message
to Isaiah is go cause their ears to be
closed.
You’re going to speak the message,
and they’re not going to listen.
You’re going to proclaim the holy message
from the Lord,
and they’re not going to hear you.
He says, Make the heart of this people
dull and their ears heavy,
shut their eyes, lest they see with their
eyes and hear with their ears
and understand with their heart and return
and be healed.
Wait a minute, Lord. Don’t you want them
to repent?
He did.
But the Lord knew the heart of the men.
And the Lord, knowing the heart of men,
knew that they weren’t going to repent.
But he was going to give them the message
anyway.
So in Isaiah 6,
you have the beginning of this picture,
and it’s all throughout Isaiah,
but we’re going to jump over to Isaiah
chapter 40.
You have the beginning picture of the
sovereignty of God.
So Isaiah chapter forty, we find more of
this picture.
In Isaiah chapter forty, verse one,
we read, Comfort, yes, comfort my people,
says the Lord. Speak comfort to Jerusalem
and cry out to her that
her warfare is ended, that her iniquity is
pardoned,
for she has received from the Lord’s hand
double for all her sins.
The voice of one crying in the wilderness,
prepare the way of the Lord, make straight
in the desert a highway for our God.
Every valley shall be exalted,
and every mountain and hill brought low,
the crooked places shall be made straight,
and the rough places smooth, the glory of
the Lord shall be revealed,
and all flesh shall see it together,
for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.
Now Jesus is going to pray.
Appropriately and rightfully connect this
to the work of Elijah sorry
of John the Baptist. But Isaiah is told
to comfort Israel, and here’s the comfort
that is pronounced:
Israel, you’ve suffered, you’ve gone
through the hardship,
you’ve gone through exile, you’ve been
brought back,
you’ve received double for your sins.
Now I’m going to send myself.
To you. But given that the king is going
to show up,
there are some preparations that need to
be made.
There was day and time where quite often
politicians would travel
by railroad and they’d get on the train
and they’d make stops.
Quite often those stump speeches would be
made from the back of
the train where everybody could see them.
But there would, in many places where said
politician was popular,
there would be banners and preparations
and there’d be decorations
and everybody would be waiting to receive
the person
who is this important person.
You can think of the receptions that occur
down the streets of cities when
the team that
Is from that city wins the national
championship of this sport or that sport.
You can think back to the ticker tape
parades at the end of World War II.
You can think of all of these things that
help us to visualize what Isaiah
is being told here. What God tells Isaiah
is:
I’m coming through, and in preparation of
me arriving,
here’s what you need to do: every valley
needs to be lifted up.
And every mountain needs to be brought
low.
I need a straight path.
In preparation for my arrival.
Now, that in actuality,
in fulfillment, was going to be John the
Baptist preaching in the wilderness
and all Israel coming out to hear him.
And what did John tell all Israel
concerning who the Messiah was?
But it wasn’t him.
He was the voice of one crying in the
wilderness.
Make ready for the Lord.
Verse 6 The voice said,
Cry out, and he said, What shall I cry?
All flesh is grass, and all its loveliness
is like the flower of the field.
The grass withers, the flower fades away,
but the breath of the Lord bl because the
breath of the Lord blows on it,
surely the people are grass, the grass
withers,
the flower fades. But the word of our God
speaks.
Stands for ever.
God makes it clear I’m king,
I’m sovereign, I’m holy,
and when I speak, there’s nothing that
can stop my word coming to pass.
Interestingly, when you jump over to John
chapter 1,
what is it that John describes Jesus as?
The Word. In the beginning was the Word.
And the Word was with God, and the Word
was God.
The same was in the beginning with God.
All things were made by Him, and without
Him was not anything made that was made.
You get this picture of sovereignty.
God says, I’m King, I’m on the throne,
I’m holy, and I’m sending my word to you.
Okay? Go forward to chapter 42.
In Isaiah forty two.
In a prophecy concerning the Messiah,
we read, Behold, my servant whom I uphold,
my elect one in whom my soul delights.
I have put my spirit upon him,
he will bring forth justice to the
Gentiles.
He will not cry out, nor raise his voice,
nor cause his feet to be heard in the
streets.
A bruised reed he will not break,
and smoking flax he will not quench.
He will bring forth justice.
For truth, he will not fail nor be
discouraged till he has established
justice
in the earth, and the coastland shall wait
for his law,
thus says the God, the Lord, who created
the heavens and stretched them out,
who spread forth the earth, and that which
comes from it,
who gives breath to the people on it,
and spirit to those who walk on it,
I the Lord have called you in
righteousness,
and will hold your hand.
I will keep you and give you as a covenant
to the people,
as a light to the Gentiles, to open blind
eyes,
to bring out prisoners from the prison,
for those who sit in darkness from the
prison house.
I am the Lord, that is my name,
and my glory I will not give to another,
nor my praise to carved images.
Behold, the former things have come to
pass,
and new things I declare, before they
spring forth,
I tell you of them.
Sing to the Lord a new song, and his
praise from the ends of the earth.
You who go down to the sea and all that is
in it,
you coast lands and you inhabitants of
them,
let the wilderness and its cities lift up
their voices,
the villages that Kedar inhabits,
let the inhabitants of Selah sing,
let them shout from the top of the
mountains,
let them give glory to the Lord,
and declare his praise in the coastlands.
The Lord shall go forth like a mighty man,
he shall stir up his zeal
Like a man of war he shall cry out,
yes shout aloud, he shall prevail against
his enemies.
I have held my peace a long time.
I have been still and my r and restrained
myself.
Now I will cry like a woman in labor,
I will pant and gasp at once, and I will
lay waste the mountains and hills
and dry up all their vegetations,
I will make the rivers coastlands,
and I will dry up the pools.
I will bring the blind by a way they did
not know.
I will lead them in paths they have not
known.
I will make darkness light before them and
crooked places straight.
These things I will do for them and not
forsake them.
They shall be turned back. They shall be
greatly ashamed.
Who trust in carved images, who say to the
molded images,
You are our gods.
As Isaiah prophesies concerning the
servant,
the one who the Lord said he would send on
his behalf,
the one who was the creator,
the one who God says, This is mine,
I am him. As he speaks concerning him,
he says, I want you to understand,
I don’t give my glory.
to anyone else. I don’t give my glory to
another.
But as Jesus is raised up out of that
watery grave of baptism
in the Jordan River by John the Baptist,
what occurs?
All right. You have the spirit descending
like a dove and a voice from heaven
saying, This is my son.
You go forward to the Mount of
Transfiguration.
There on the mount, you hear,
This is my beloved son,
hear you him.
And that is in direct response
to Peter saying, We need to build an altar
to Moses and to Elijah.
And to Jesus, who were all present there
on the Mount of Transfiguration,
and God says, no, no, no, you don’t.
Because I don’t give my glory to anybody
else.
I didn’t give my glory to Elijah.
I didn’t give my glory to Moses.
But him.
He is my glory. Jesus said,
When you’ve seen me, you’ve seen the
Father.
All right, so as we examine this idea of
sovereignty and as we examine this idea
of worship, we understand there’s this
core idea that
God establishes I’m unique.
God isn’t like anybody else.
And no one else is like God. He is king of
God.
He is holy, he is sovereign, he is that
which should be worshipped,
and no one else should. And so when he
demands the first,
he’s demanding what is his. And when we
refuse it,
we’re stealing what is his. And we need to
be mindful as we consider.
How we worship and how we involve
ourselves in worship that
we are not the focus of worship.
He is. And we need to have more times and
more occasions where
we sit back and have the same mindset as
Isaiah,
woe is me. For I’m in the presence of God,
and I am not perfect.
But through his work I am made holy.
Okay? Thank you for your
Revelation 19 (Lesson 1) – Aaron Cozort – August 23, 2026

Everybody’s awake.
All right. Take your Bibles if you will
and open them to the book of Revelation.
We’re wrapping up chapter eighteen and
headed into chapter nineteen this morning.
We’ve pointed out in the text that ~
There are times where John is going to
cover something,
then he’s going to describe the something,
then he’s going to back up and deal with
the details of something.
Then he’ll proceed through to the next
thing.
So we’re that’s kind of the the pattern
that we’re in as we get into
the text this morning. But let’s begin
with a word of prayer and then we’ll
get into our study. Our gracious Father in
heaven,
we bow before your throne, grateful for
the day that you’ve blessed us with.
Grateful for the opportunity that we have
to serve you,
and we pray that we might do so in spirit
and in truth.
Lord, we pray that you be with those who
are struggling this morning because
of illness, those who are struggling
because of difficulty,
those who are struggling because of the
treatments that they may be under.
And we pray that you give them strength,
that you give them the health that they
desire,
the abilities they desire to.
deal with the difficulties this life
presents.
Lord, we are mindful of those who are
dealing with the aftermath of the the
storm.
We pray that people will have safety as
they are dealing with
~ the power outages and with the downed
trees and the other things pertaining
to that storm. Lord, we pray that you give
them safety,
as well as those who are on the roads.
Lord, we pray that you be with us as we
Open our minds and open your word this
morning.
May the things that we study be those
things which we can apply to our lives,
that we can grow in our knowledge and our
wisdom in your word,
but also our confidence and our strength,
our strength, and our trust in you.
Lord, we pray this out of love for you,
love for your creation, love for what you
have.
built and what you have made in the body
of Christ.
And Lord, we pray that you will always
help us to be the Christians
you would have us to be. All this we pray
and ask in Jesus’ name.
Amen.
As we consider chapter 19,
let’s just take a moment and review what
we said about chapter 18.
and chapter 17, chapter 17, we’re told the
time period of the book.
It is in the time period of the sixth
king,
because there’s seven that are initially
pointed out,
and one is fallen, one dies, as it were.
~ in Nero and is resurrected in Domitian,
the eighth. And it is during the time of
the sixth that the book is being written.
It’s not a guess, that’s not surmising,
and it’s not up to historical scholarly
works to determine that.
John tells us that he’s writing this when
there’s one more
Horn that is about to come up,
and he’s only going to be there for a
little while.
And that’s Titus. And that after that,
Domitian, the eighth, is going to come up.
The beast is going to come back up in the
king that is the eighth king.
And that is Domitian. So John is writing
this when Titus is
n approaching the throne. Therefore,
the latter end of Vespasian, Titus’s
father’s reign.
As Caesar. That puts the dating of the
book somewhere in
the late 70s A.D.,
76, 77, 78, 79, somewhere in there as
Titus will come to the throne in 79.
But in chapter, I’m gonna skip through
these just to get back to chapter 18.
Alright, chapter 18, we read about the
great city’s defeat.
John is told he’s going to be shown the
mystery of the great harlot that rides
upon
the beast. And we see the woman is Rome.
We see that she’s the city that rules the
world in John’s day.
We see that she’s the city that persecutes
the church.
We see that she’s the city that sits on
seven hills.
We see in chapter 18, she’s the city that
seduced the nations.
She was an economic power.
And they would grieve when they lost her
the access to her markets.
They will mourn as they sit off,
as it were, in the merchant ships off the
shore and watch her demise.
But then you have in the end of chapter 18
the picture of
the millstone being cast into the sea.
You know, the Jesus uses the figure ~ in ~
Luke chapter 17.
of the one he says if anyone ~ does damage
or causes one
of these little ones to stumble it would
be better off that he hung
a millstone around his neck and that he
cast himself into the sea.
The picture there is once the millstone is
around your neck and you’re in the water,
you’re done for and you’re never coming
back.
Okay? So there’s that imagery of the
millstone and the sea,
even visualized in Jesus’
Teaching. We get into chapter 19,
and we’re going to find all through 17 and
18,
we’ve had the Christians and they’re
persecuted.
They’re being described as those who are
being killed.
Their blood is being found inside the
city.
in the heart of the city as the city is
being destroyed,
as the as the autopsy is done on why did
this happen?
The answer God gives is go look inside the
city,
you’ll find the blood of the saints.
But in chapter 19, the picture opens and
it’s it’s not a picture of a bunch
of dead people. It is rather a picture of
a marriage feast.
Now.
As we get into this, some are gonna ask,
Isn’t this the final day?
Isn’t this when Jesus returns?
And isn’t this when we are all reunited
with the Lord in heaven?
Well, maybe I should ask this.
Has John said that the things which are
going to occur in this book
are shortly to come to pass?
Did John write it in the first century?
Did he say that the things were at hand?
Is he about to describe things that were
the f
~ revolving around the fall of the nation
of Rome?
So when the marriage feast is described
that follows the fall of the nation of
Rome,
guess when it occurs? At the fall of the
nation of Rome.
Shortly to come to pass. It’s at hand.
The description here is one that we’ll
deal with as we go through the text,
but appreciate the fact that when we get
into chapter 19,
we’re supposed to do the same thing that
we’ve been doing since chapter one.
We’re supposed to read what it says and
ask,
what does it mean? And we’re supposed to
understand what it means after.
These things I heard a loud voice of a
great multitude in heaven.
Now, first question we need to ask:
Have we seen the multitudes in heaven
before?
Absolutely. We’ve had them described in
chapter 5,
we’ve had them described in chapter 7,
we’ve had them described in chapter 14,
we’ve had the multitudes in heaven
described over and over again.
Second question How does John describe
the Christians who are faithful through
the persecution when it comes
to their dwelling place?
He describes the unfaithful, the ungodly,
as those who dwell on the earth.
How does he describe the Christians?
as those who dwell in heaven.
As John is writing the book, he’s
consistent all the way through.
The ones who dwell in heaven are not
necessarily those
who have died and left this life.
Those who dwell in heaven are those who,
though they are alive on the earth,
their dwelling place is where?
With God. Because they’re faithful.
Okay? So as you deal with the figures in
the book,
don’t get to a passage where you say,
~ well, we’re told this is heaven.
We’re told this is the end of time.
Therefore, we’re going to cast out and
throw away all the consistency
of John’s use of the figures. John sees a
multitude in heaven.
Is it the Christians who are faithful,
or is it the Christians who were faithful
and are now dead?
Doesn’t matter.
Because both of them have their dwelling
place in heaven.
Okay? Let’s just deal with the text as we
get to it.
He says, I saw a great multitude in heaven
saying,
Alleluia, salvation and glory and honor
and power belong
to the Lord our God. As you open up the
chapter
in chapter 19, the shout goes up.
Hooray for God.
That’s what hallelujah means. Hallelujah
means hooray for God.
Praise the Lord. If you were to go back to
the Old Testament usage of it,
as it opens the Psalms that are praising
God.
The shout from
the multitude as they witness the judgment
of the woman.
The city that was persecuting the church,
the city that was killing God’s people,
they witness the judgment and they say,
Hooray for God.
They say salvation and glory and honor
and power belong to the Lord our God.
Now you go back to chapter six.
Verse 9. When he opened the fifth seal,
I saw under the altar the souls of those
who had been slain for the word
of God and for the testimony which they
held,
and they cried with a loud voice,
saying, How long, O Lord, holy and true,
until you judge and avenge our blood
on those who dwell. Where?
On the earth.
Then a white robe was given to them and it
was said to them that they should rest
a little while longer until both the
number of their fellow servants
and their brethren who would be killed as
they were was completed.
God tells them, I know what’s going on.
Here’s a robe. Here’s your white garment.
You go rest with the faithful.
I’ll take care of it. And so in chapter
19,
they open with the rejoicing, saying,
He did exactly what he said he’d do.
Salvation and glory and honor and power
belong to the Lord our God,
for true and righteous are his judgments.
Because he has judged the great harlot who
corrupted the earth with her fornication,
and he has avenged on her the blood of his
servants shed by her.
What did God through the messengers tell
the ones who had died?
I’m going to deal with her. And so in
chapter 17 and in chapter 18,
John showed.
God’s going to deal with her. I know who
she is.
I know what she looks like. I know that
she looks unbeatable.
I know that she looks like ~ a city that
will never be able to be conquered,
and all of her allies will protect her.
And what I’m going to tell you is,
I’m going to use her allies against her.
I’m going to tear her up from the inside
out.
I’m going to wipe her off the map.
I am going to make it so that everyone who
thinks they’re going to
get rich by prospering, by committing
fornication with her,
will be weeping and wailing and mourning
because she’s gone.
And then I’m going to tell you that those
of you who cried
out how long are going to shout
in rejoicing that I did exactly what I
said I’d do.
So then notice again they said,
Alleluia, her smoke rises up forever and
ever.
When does the rejoicing in chapter
nineteen occur
or begin?
What event are they rejoicing over?
Fall of Rome. You notice that John doesn’t
leave this to
our surmising as to the moment of the
rejoicing.
The occurrence where this is going to
begin.
This is not the rejoicing that begins
at the return of the Messiah at the end of
the world.
This is the rejoicing that begins because
God in his judgment and
his justice has rained retribution down on
the city of Rome.
But notice the figure.
John uses apocalyptic visionary
figurative language to describe the
destruction and the fall of Rome.
If you were
to burn a small city.
In a war, how long would the smoke go up
from the small city?
Few days.
What does the fire eventually do?
It runs out of something to burn.
What about if it’s a larger city?
What about if it’s the largest city?
What about if it’s a great city?
What about if it’s Rome? If we’re talking
about a physical city,
does it still eventually run out of stuff
to burn?
But not in the figure.
John is going to do the same thing that
Isaiah does.
When Isaiah speaks at the end of Isaiah,
in Isaiah chapter 66, and he describes God
bringing his people back to Jerusalem,
and what God was going to do with his
enemies and the enemies of Israel when
he brought Israel back to Jerusalem.
He said, We’re going to be piling up their
bodies,
and the worm’s never going to die,
and the fire’s not going to be quenched.
I’m never going to lose, Isaiah says,
if we were to interpret the figure.
God’s never going to run out of ~ enemies
to be put on the fire,
and he’s never gonna lose. So the worm’s
never gonna run out of something to eat,
and the fire’s never gonna go out.
Now, interesting contrast of a figure.
In the tabernacle,
what was one of the articles of the
tabernacle in
the holy place that never went out?
Lamp.
Part of the instruction of the priest was
you don’t let the light go out.
Now, was it literally the case that the
light never went out?
Couldn’t be. How do we know? Tabernacle
got moved.
As the tabernacle would be moved
From one place to another, there’s no
indication that the fire was kept burning
in the lamps while the tabernacle was
moved.
But as it was instructed for the Levites
to go in and set the tabernacle back
up in its next location, what were the
priests supposed to do?
Go light the fire. They were supposed to
do it the right way.
And it was the fire that would never go
out.
Except in a literal physical sense,
did the fire go out? Sure it did.
At times.
But in the picture, what it represented,
it represented the Spirit of God that
never departed.
And it represented God’s presence.
And so they were to understand it was the
fire that never went out.
Now, when you look at Rome,
and when they look at Rome, and when John
sees Rome,
he sees a burning ash heap that never
stops smoking.
What is the never stop smoking tells us?
City never comes back. It’s always on
fire.
Guess where you don’t build and rebuild
and resurrect a city?
In the place that’s still on fire.
When Jericho fell.
What did God say was never to be done when
it came to the city of Jericho after
it fell?
It was never to be rebuilt. Do you know it
was rebuilt?
God pronounced a curse upon it that the
one who rebuilt the city,
his firstborn would die with the laying of
the foundation,
and his lastborn would die with the
hanging of the gates.
But guess what? The city was rebuilt,
and guess who paid with their lives?
The children of the man who rebuilt it.
The point was God says this city
is cursed forever.
Now, will Rome the city be rebuilt?
Sure, you can go there today.
You go travel to Italy, you can walk all
over the place where that old city used
to be.
But was Rome the persecutor of God’s
people,
the one under the authority and the power
of the beast in the first century,
the one who was represented in the person
of Domitian ever reconstituted
and resurrected by Satan? No. Now,
has the city of Rome and the people in it
done evil deeds sometime
in the future after that point?
Sure.
That’s not the point. The point in the
vision is that
the enemy is so entirely destroyed as to
never be able
to be resurrected by the dragon,
by Satan. We notice here,
he says, Alleluia,
her smoke rises up forever and ever,
and the twenty four elders.
And the four living creatures fell down
and worshiped God who sat on the throne,
saying, Amen. Alleluia. You track all the
way back to chapter six,
chapter five, chapter four, and you see
the throne room,
and you see the 24 elders and the four
living beasts that are before the throne,
and they’re praising God and saying,
He’s worthy, he reigns, he’s on the
throne.
And then they say of the Lamb,
He’s worthy, and He reigns, and He’s on
the throne.
And then you get a whole bunch of
persecution that looks like that Domitian
is on the throne, and that Satan reigns,
and that the woman the harlot reigns,
and that she’s on the throne.
And the 24 elders and the four beasts say,
Don’t you believe it? God didn’t get off
his throne.
And when the woman and the city and the
the harlot ~ are vanquished,
they say, Told ya.
And just like in chapter four when they
fell down and worshipped the Lord.
Because the four beasts worship the Lord.
And just like in chapter five when they
fell down and worshiped the Lord,
because the four beasts worship the Lord,
now here they are in chapter nineteen and
guess what they’re doing?
They’re doing the same thing they were
doing in chapter four.
Then a voice came from the throne saying,
Praise our God,
all you his servants, and those who fear
him both small and great.
Notice it’s not the mighty alone who make
it through the tribulation. It’s not
the rich alone that trust in God that
survive.
God is the protector of the small and the
great.
God is the one who sees his faithful
through no matter their circumstance,
no matter their status, no matter their
stature,
God is the protector of his people.
Verse seven Let us be glad and rejoice,
and give him glory. For the marriage of
the Lamb has come,
and his wife has made herself ready.
Now, some will come to this passage and
say,
okay, this is the reuniting of Christ and
the church.
This is the this is the marriage at the
end of time.
This is when all of the faithful have been
delivered up to God,
and this is that moment that Paul writes
about in First Corinthians chapter 15.
Well, there’s some problems with that.
Because when did Christ marry the church?
Turn to second Corinthians chapter eleven.
Paul is going to write to the Corinthians.
And he writes to them in 2 Corinthians
chapter 11 and says,
that you would bear with me in a little
folly.
Indeed, you do bear with me.
Paul is about to give them some figures
and boast a little bit about his
background to point out that boasting
doesn’t mean
anything.
But before he does, he’s going to say
this,
for I am jealous for you, with godly
jealousy,
for I have betrothed you to one husband,
that I may present you as a chase virgin
to Christ.
Paul will use the terminology in the first
century from
the Jewish background of the betrothal,
and he will indicate that he had betrothed
the Christians in Corinth to Christ.
That he had started their relationship and
was handing them over to Christ,
that they belonged to Christ and no other.
Now, in the first century, in that period
of time,
especially in Jewish periods, the
betrothal
was stronger than an engagement is
considered to be in our modern times.
Because the woman who was betrothed was
called the wife of the man.
Though the betrothal, the the arrangement
of the betrothal could could last a year.
When you go back and you look at the
timing of what we read about Mary and
Joseph.
You have an indication that it is during
the betrothal period that Joseph becomes
aware that she is with child. And he is
going to
put her away privately, secretly,
so as not to cause a great disruption.
But he’s told not to. But he’s also
commanded not to know her until
the child is born. So there can be no
mistaking that this child
is in Joseph’s.
Paul says, of the church at Corinth,
you’re betrothed, you are the espoused
wife.
Of one husband.
But the espoused wife, the betrothed wife,
the one who’s engaged is never considered
one flesh with
the husband.
She’s not the married wife. She’s the
betrothed wife.
She’s not one flesh with the husband.
Okay? But turn over to Ephesians chapter
five.
If Paul says that the church at Corinth is
the betrothed wife to Christ,
then she must not be the married wife of
Christ,
right? I mean, that would just make sense.
You can’t be the betrothed wife and the
married wife at the same time.
~ Yet in Ephesians chapter 5,
he says, chapter 5, verse 22, wives,
not the term for a betrothed wife.
The term of the married wife. Wives,
submit yourselves to your own husbands as
to the Lord.
For the husband is the head of the wife,
as also Christ is the head of the church,
and he is the savior of the body.
Therefore, just as the church is subject
to Christ,
so let wives be to their own husbands in
everything.
Husbands love your wives, just also as
Christ just as Christ also loved
the church and gave himself for her,
that he might sanctify and cleanse her
with the washing of water by the word.
That he might present her to himself a
glorious church,
not having spot or wrinkle or any such
thing,
but that she should be holy and without
blemish.
So husbands ought to love their own wives
as their own bodies.
He who loves his own wife loves himself.
For no one ever hated his own flesh,
but nourishes and cherishes it just as the
Lord does the church.
For we are members of his body,
of his body.
Flesh and of his bones. For this reason,
a man shall leave his father and mother
and be joined to his wife,
and the two shall become one flesh.
This is a great mystery. But I speak
concerning Christ in the church.
Nevertheless, let each one of you in
particular love his own wife as himself,
and let the wife see that she respect her
husband.
Paul says in Ephesians chapter 5 that the
church at Ephesus is married,
is one flesh, is one body with Christ.
And yet over in Corinthians, he says she’s
betrothed.
Now can you be both at the same time?
And the answer is sure you can,
if it’s an analogy, if it’s a figure where
the emphasis is different using a
different picture.
So in chapter nineteen of Revelation,
we’ve got a marriage feast where the
betrothed wife
is going to become the married wife.
But when is a member married
to Christ? When is a Christian added
the body of Christ?
Not on the day of judgment.
But when they’re immersed in water,
when they die to themselves and are
resurrected and added into the body of
Christ.
Do you not remember what Romans 6 says?
Therefore, we were buried with him through
baptism into death,
that just as Christ was raised from the
dead by the glory of the Father,
even so we should walk in newness of life.
For if we’ve been united together in the
likeness of his death,
Certainly we shall also be in the likeness
of his resurrection,
knowing this, that our old man was
crucified with him,
that the body of sin might be done away
with,
that we should no longer be slaves of sin,
for he who has died has been freed from
sin.
Now, if we died with Christ, we believe
that we shall also live with him.
Knowing that Christ, having been raised
from the dead,
dies no more, death no longer has dominion
over him.
Paul will make it clear that we are added
into the body of Christ
in Ephesians and other passages.
We are added into the body of Christ when
we are immersed in water,
having been faithful to the command to be
obedient to the gospel,
having heard the word, having believed
that word,
having repented of our sins, confessed the
name of Christ,
and been immersed in water for the
remission of our sins,
we are married.
to Christ.
Because we are added to the body of
Christ,
and the body of Christ, Ephesians chapter
1,
verses 21 and 22, is the church.
The church is the body. The church is the
bride.
The church here is pictured in Revelation
chapter
19 as the bride of Christ being married to
Christ.
Not because the church has never been
married to Christ up until this point.
Church has been married to Christ ever
since Christ created the church.
Acts chapter 2.
Rather, the picture here is of the
rejoicing as
a stark contrast to the persecution.
See, in the persecution, they’re dying.
In the persecution, they’re suffering.
In the persecution, they’re running for
their lives from their tormentors
and from their persecutors. They’re not
stopping to have a marriage feast
in the middle of the persecution.
The picture means persecution’s over and
it’s never coming back.
Here we have in the text.
Marriage feast. They say, Let us be glad
and rejoice,
and give him glory, for the marriage of
the lamb has come,
and his wife has made herself ready.
And to her it was granted to be arrayed in
fine linen,
clean and bright. For the fine linen is
the what
righteous acts of the saints.
You wanna know how we know who they are?
They’re the holy ones. They’re the
justified ones.
They’re the sanctified ones. They’re the
ones who have been made righteous,
and these are their acts, these are the
things that they’ve done,
and they are arrayed.
In holiness. They’re array in
righteousness.
They’re arrayed as the church,
the bride of Christ.
As you get into chapter nineteen,
chapter twenty, chapter twenty one,
and chapter twenty two.
Do not miss that the description of the
bride.
Is very much like the description of the
harlot in this sense.
God’s gonna give you a figure of the
harlot,
and he’s gonna describe her one way.
Then he’s gonna give you another figure of
the harlot,
describe her another way. Then he’s gonna
give you another figure of
the harlot and describe her another way.
All through the process, it’s the same
city,
it’s the same persecutor, it’s the same
woman,
it’s Rome.
In chapter 19 and 20 and 21 and 22,
God’s going to describe the bride.
And he’s going to describe her in a
marriage feast.
And he’s going to describe her as a city.
And he’s going to describe her as a place
where all the nations flow into.
He’s going to describe her as a paradise
of God.
He’s going to describe her as a garden.
He’s going to describe her as the place
where the tree of life is.
But you want to know what she is the whole
time?
The church.
Bride.
So as we get into chapter nineteen and
chapter twenty and chapter twenty-one
and chapter twenty-two and we read about
the pictures of the bride.
Know that she’s made up of people who are
alive and dead,
whose dwelling place is in heaven,
who rejoice at the righteous judgment of
God.
And who are married to the Lamb,
who are saints, holy,
justified, sanctified,
and who are adorned with their righteous
faithfulness, not to the beast,
not to the harlot, but to the lamb.
Okay? Thank you
Learning to Love Like Christ in Service (John 13) – Aaron Cozort – August 23, 2026

Good morning. It’s good to have all of you
with us,
especially good to have our visitors with
us today.
We’re grateful for your presence and we
appreciate the time that you’re spending
with us in worship.
Take your Bibles, if you will,
and open them to John chapter thirteen.
We have recently been discussing the topic
of love from First Corinthians
thirteen. This morning we’re going to
spend our time
in this chapter as we consider learning
to love like Christ
in matters of service. Having an attitude
Of service like Christ. As Paul will write
to the church at Corinth in 1 Corinthians
chapter 13,
he will describe love and he will say that
love
is long suffered. It suffers long
and is kind. He teaches us concerning a
number
of things about love.
But as we look at the life of Christ,
we see some of those things lived out.
We see the very love of God lived out in
the life of Christ,
and we see the relationship that we are to
have with
our brethren exemplified in the life of
Christ
and the relationship he had with his
disciples.
As chapter thirteen opens up, you are in
the very last week of the life of Christ.
You are in the events as Jesus will
observe
the Passover feast there in the upper
room.
And you are in a section of scripture
where John is rehearsing for
us for our benefit through inspiration of
the Holy Spirit the things which Jesus
said and did while he interacted with
those
apostles. Now John covers this event
differently than
Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
Matthew, Mark, and Luke focus more on the
meal,
the partaking of that meal, and the
memorial that is instituted after that,
that Lord’s Supper, which we just
observed.
John focuses more on what Jesus said and
what Jesus
did in relationship to the apostles during
that time in the upper room.
If you go back to chapter 12 and you
consider the events that have transpired,
we read back in chapter 12 and in verse
27.
Jesus says, Now my soul is troubled,
and what shall I say? Father, save me from
this hour.
But for this purpose I came to this hour.
As you think about what is going to
transpire in chapter thirteen,
understand that Jesus knew
why was here.
And understand that John is helping us to
fully grasp that idea.
Verse twenty eight says, Father,
glorify your name. Then a voice came from
heaven saying,
I have both glorified it and will glorify
it again.
Therefore the people who stood by and
heard it said that it had thundered,
others said an angel had spoken to him.
Jesus answered and said,
This voice did not come because of me,
but for your sake.
Now is the judgment of this world,
now the ruler of the world will be cast
out,
and I, if I am lifted up from the earth,
will draw all people to myself.
This he said, signifying what death he
would die.
The people answered him, We have heard
from the law that the Christ remains
for ever. And how can you say the Son of
Man must be lifted up?
Who is the Son of Man?
Jesus said to them, A little while longer,
a light is with you. Walk while you have
the light,
lest darkness overtake you. He who walks
in darkness does not know where
he is going. While you have the light,
believe in the light that you may become
sons of light.
These things Jesus spoke and departed and
was hidden from them.
In the days that had preceded this,
Jesus had raised Lazarus from the dead.
Jesus had called Lazarus forth out of the
grave.
And those who were present had witnessed
this.
As a matter of fact, they said to him,
as Jesus said for them to take away the
stone,
he’s been dead all these days.
He’s going to stink.
And yet Jesus will tell them to remove the
stone and will call for Lazarus
to come forth, and he comes forth.
As you get into chapter thirteen
That meal has been observed.
And we read verse thir chapter thirteen,
verse one Now before the feast of the
Passover,
when Jesus knew that his hour had come
that he should depart from this
world to the Father, having loved his own
who were in the world,
he loved them to the end.
As we open up the chapter, as this feast
is about to begin,
as this meal is about to be observed,
Jesus is going to focus on the apostles.
John is going to tell us that Jesus loved
his apostles and that he loved them,
as the text says, to the end.
Jesus’ love for the apostles wasn’t
circumstantial.
It was not temporary.
It was not that which came and went.
Rather, it was that which He loved them
perfectly.
But as you consider this idea,
consider who’s present as John is writing
this.
John is writing this while all of the
apostles are still present.
John is writing this as Judas
is still present. John is writing this
as Peter is present, the one who will
argue with Jesus about whether or
not he will deny Jesus.
The one who will rebuke Jesus when Jesus
is going to tell Peter that he
is going to go to the cross.
Peter will be told by Jesus, get thou
behind me,
Satan. As you consider who is present,
when we read that Jesus loved them to the
end,
consider that Jesus loved them to the end
in spite of the fact that they were
imperfect.
Jesus did not demand a perfect person in
order to love that person.
But then consider as well that among some
of them they were impetuous.
They were not well restrained in some
matters.
John was present. James was were pres ~
James was also present.
These two individuals who seeing something
that they did not approve of will
ask for the opportunity to call down fire
from heaven.
Peter.
The one who would so willingly declare
that Jesus was the Christ,
the Son of God.
The one who would step out of the boat and
walk on the sea to his Lord.
was present.
The same one who would deny Christ this
very night.
But he also loved them in spite of the
fact that one of them present
was impenitent.
Judas, the one who is sitting there,
the one who had through the days as
he was the keeper of the bag for the
apostles,
had been stealing from their funds.
The one who,
earlier on, in the events that had
transpired that week had become.
Quite disgruntled at the woman who had
anointed Jesus,
and Jesus said it was in preparation of
his burial,
and yet Judas desired that the oil that
was used be sold because
it was worth so much and it could have
been given to the poor.
But John will tell us that Judas said this
because he was the one who
had control of the money.
The one who will depart from the
proceedings of this very night
to go out to betray Jesus.
While he is still present, we are told
Jesus loved them
to the end.
As we learn to love like Christ.
Consider first that we need to love the
imperfect.
We need to love the impetuous.
We even need to love the impenitent.
But as the events transpire that night,
John is going to emphasize what Jesus
knew.
And as you’re reading the writings of
John,
when when John says that someone knows
something.
It is significant. Over in 1 John,
John will tell us, hereby do we know that
we love God.
if we keep his commandments.
John will write, Hereby do we know
And he will talk about that we know we’re
saved.
He will talk about a number of things that
we know.
To know something for John was to be
certain of it,
to be assured of it by the testimony of
the Word of God.
To have no doubt whatsoever.
John would write as he concluded his
record of the life of Christ,
these things were written that
you might know that Jesus was the Christ,
the Son of the living God. So when John
tells
us twice in this text about what Jesus
knew.
He’s making it incredibly clear.
There was no misunderstanding.
There was no second guessing. There was no
guesswork involved in what Jesus
was doing. Consider what he says.
Now before the feast of the Passover,
when Jesus knew that his hour had come
that he should depart from this world
to the Father, having loved his own,
~ his own who were in the world,
he loved them to the end.
And supper being ended, the devil having
already put it in the heart
of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son,
to betray him, Jesus, knowing that the
Father had given all things into his hand,
and that he had come from God,
and that he was going to God.
Consider the things that John outlines.
John says Jesus knew his hour had come.
Jesus knew the time that was approaching.
Jesus knew what was happening that very
night.
Jesus knew the one who would betray him,
who was still sitting there. Jesus knew
that
the Father had given all things into his
hands.
Pause for a moment and consider something.
What would you do to keep someone
you loved from sinning?
What would you do to keep someone
you loved from dying?
What would you do to keep someone you
love?
From despair.
You say, Well
keep from them keep them from sinning,
I I I’d I’d try and correct them.
I I I’d I’d try and arm them. I’d try and
prepare them so that they don’t do it.
Jesus would tell Peter.
This very night before the cock crows,
you’ll deny me three times.
And Peter says, no, Lord, I’ll die for
you,
but I’ll never deny you.
Throughout the time of this week,
Jesus, just as we read in chapter twelve,
will tell his disciples that he’s going to
go.
Matter of fact, as he prepares to go to
Jerusalem,
he says, We must go, that the Son of Man
may be killed.
And yet there’s Judas.
Judas is present. Judas is hearing these
words.
Judas is going to be present this very
night.
And yet Jesus knows what is in Judas’s
heart.
As he looks around the room, as it were,
he sees person after person after person
after person who will
be in despair.
Before this night is over, the next day,
the next day, that will be locked away
in a hiding place come that Sunday morning
when the women arrive
at the tomb in despair that their Lord has
died.
We pause and we think, what would we do if
we knew that those whom
we loved were going to sin, were going to
stumble,
were going to be in despair, and some of
them would even die.
Well, we know what Jesus did.
Jesus prepared them for what would come
after.
Jesus knew that his hour had come.
Jesus knew that the Father had put all
things into his hand.
Jesus knew that he had come from the
Father and was going to the Father.
That being said.
After the supper.
Jesus lays aside his garment. We find
chapter 13,
verse 2, supper being ended, the devil
having already put it into the heart
of Judas Isgariat, Simon’s son,
to betray him, Jesus knowing that the
Father had given all things into
his hand and that he had come from God and
was going to God,
rose from supper and laid aside his
garments,
took a towel, and girded himself.
As you think about what John is telling
us,
perhaps there’s a little bit more than
what we often read.
if we’d understood what Jesus was doing.
See, Jesus wore a garment that we’re going
to read about before this night is over.
He wore a garment that the very next day
the the centurions are going to.
Choose by casting lots who’s going to get
the garment.
We’re told that the garment was one that
was woven from the inside out.
We’re told that the garment that Jesus
wore was
one that was somewhat unique. It was well
made.
So much so that they said, we’re not
dividing the garment.
But also consider that Jesus wore the
garment that was appropriate for a rabbi.
In the first century, at least from what
we’re told from historians and others,
the the the person who walked into the
synagogue,
the one who walked into the temple,
not just everybody was allowed to get up
and speak.
You had to be adorned appropriately.
Now Jesus will point out in numerous
different scenarios how poor he was.
He will describe to the one who said that
he desired to be his disciple.
He said, The the birds of the air have
nests and the foxes have holes,
but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his
head.
But the garment that Jesus wore was one
that matched
the attire of a rabbi.
We’re told from history that those who
were to speak in the synagogue were
to be adorned much like the priests of old
in that their robe,
the outer garment that they wore,
needed to cover from their shoulders to
their ankles.
They were to be adorned in
a way that demonstrated their position
and their authority to speak.
When you read in the text that he laid
aside his garment,
it doesn’t mean that he took all of his
clothes off.
It means that he took that outer coat,
that outer robe, off and laid it aside,
leaving his inner garment on. For the
Jews,
generally speaking, they wore an inner
garment,
they wore an outer garment. He lays aside
the robe of the rabbi.
He lays aside the robe that demonstrated
his authority
to speak and to teach in the tabernacle,
or sorry, in the temple and in the
synagogue.
And instead,
he binds about himself the towel of a
servant.
As you consider the first century.
Many of the people in that day and time
would have worn sandals,
they would have worn open shoes,
they would have been trotting down dirt
paths,
and so as they arrived in the house of
someone
who was their host, it was common and it
was.
normal that the host would have one of his
servants there ready
and waiting to wash their feet.
It was courtesy. It was what you did.
It wasn’t because everybody needed to have
nice,
sweet smelling feet so they could put
their feet in somebody else’s face.
It was because they were showing courtesy.
But if you consider the idea that they
reclined
at their table, that courtesy
was also distinctly aware of by those who
were present at the table
as to whether your feet had been washed or
not.
But as Jesus had sent his disciples ahead
to prepare the upper room and to
go and to find this location that they
would be shown as the disciples arrived,
as Jesus arrived, as the ~ the supper was
prepared,
and as they per they partook of the
supper,
and now the supper is over, nobody washed
anybody’s feet.
The supper’s now over. The time for the
showing of the courtesy is long past.
But Jesus, knowing that he was going back
to God and demonstrating his love for
them,
lays aside his teacher’s garment,
binds himself with the towel
of a simple slave, and begins to wash
their feet.
He came to them, began to wash the
disciples’ feet and
to wipe them with the towel with which he
was girded.
Then he came to Simon Peter, and Peter
said to him,
Lord, are you washing my feet?
Peter is dissatisfied with the situation.
Peter is disgruntled with what is going
on.
The same one who said, You are both Lord
and Christ.
The one who freely admitted that he was
from the Father.
The one who had been lifted out of the Sea
of Galilee
by Jesus is indignant that Jesus would
wash
his feet.
Jesus answered and said to him,
What I am doing you do not understand now.
But you will know after.
Jesus knew what was about to happen.
Peter didn’t.
Jesus knew that his time was coming to an
end.
Peter didn’t.
Jesus knew that Peter
was about to go through one of
the most difficult experiences of his
life.
And Peter didn’t.
Jesus says, You don’t understand what I’m
doing now,
but you will.
Jesus demonstrated his service to his
disciples,
to the impetuous, to the imperfect,
even to the impenitent.
As he washes their feet.
But as you consider what Jesus is going to
say,
Peter is going to respond to him,
you shall never wash my feet.
Peter is going to, in essence,
rebuke Jesus by stating,
I’m not letting this happen.
Peter considered the act to be beneath his
Lord.
Now we understand Jesus has taught them
many times and Jesus
has demonstrated through many different
things that the greatest in
the kingdom of heaven would be the servant
of all.
But it’s one thing to be taught that,
it’s another thing to be shown that.
And as Peter witnesses that very idea
demonstrated in the actions of Jesus,
Peter says, no, you’re not.
You shall never wash.
Jesus answered him and said, If I do not
wash you,
you have no part with me.
And pause and consider something.
How can refusing to be served
Keep an apostle from having part in
Christ.
Jesus warns Peter.
That the thing that was going on was so
significant.
That was so instrumental that if Peter
refused.
Jesus says you have no part in.
I want you to spend just a moment and
consider how little things in
our minds are incredibly big things to the
Lord.
Simple act of someone being washed,
their feet being shown the courtesy of
being served.
was to Peter something that he would not
stoop to
do to his brethren,
and he would not allow his Lord to stoop
to do to him.
And yet Jesus says, Peter, this is so
significant that if you do not allow this,
you will have no part in me.
We often look at the commands of God.
And we ask, how can that accomplish this?
How can this be that important?
Some will argue that that individuals will
say,
you know what, this is what God commanded,
therefore this is what we must do,
and this is how we must do it.
H how can you be so legalistic?
Jesus will say to Peter, If you don’t let
me wash your mo wash your feet,
you’re not my disciple.
That’s pretty legalistic.
There are things which God deems to be
important that we have no right
to make them casual.
Peter immediately reverses direction.
He says, Lord, not my feet only,
but also my hands and my head.
If if if the washing is that important to
you,
don’t stop with my feet.
Wash all of me.
Jesus said he who is bathed needs only to
wash his feet.
As he’s pointing out, the lesson isn’t
about how your hygiene is.
The lesson is about something different.
He says, the one who is bathed needs only
to wash his feet,
but is completely clean. And you are
clean,
but not all of you.
As Jesus will say these words,
John tells us what was in Jesus’ mind,
for he knew who would betray him.
Therefore he said, You are not all clean.
Don’t you appreciate
How the Holy Spirit seemed fit to help
us to understand the mind of Christ.
by telling John something that John,
who was present in the room, never would
have known.
On his own, that the thing that was in the
mind of Christ when he said,
You’re not all clean was Judas.
Judas who hadn’t raised any objection to
Jesus washing his feet.
as he prepared to deny him and hand him
over to the authorities for
the payment of thirty pieces of silver.
Jesus says not all of you are clean.
But then consider he says
Do you know what I have done to you?
As the text continues,
verse 12, he says, So when he had washed
their feet,
taken his garment, and sat down again,
he said to them, Do you know what I have
done to you?
You call me teacher and Lord.
And you say, Well, for so I am.
Jesus
As he had demonstrated this action toward
them,
had not demoted himself. He had not given
up his position as their teacher
or their Lord. He had demonstrated
something they needed to learn.
He says, You call me teacher and Lord,
you say, Well, for so I am. If I then your
Lord and teacher have washed your feet,
you also ought to wash one another’s feet.
As Jesus demonstrated this, he shows to
them that what they
had failed to do.
What none of them had considered for a
moment to do to the brethren
was the problem.
Because as they observed all of them
walking in,
as they observed the feast being prepared,
as they observed the supper as they
consumed it,
as they observed all of these things,
they were all aware no one had served
them.
But what they didn’t do was choose to
become the servant.
Jesus says, if I then your Lord and
teacher have washed your feet,
you also ought to wash one another’s feet.
For I have given you an example that you
should do as I have done.
When Jesus says you should do as I have
done.
Bear in mind who he’s talking to.
Bear in mind what they’re about to go
through and bear
in mind the position they are about to
hold.
They’re about to go through his betrayal,
his trials, his crucifixion,
his death, and his resurrection.
All true.
But they’re also about to observe in the
days coming forward from this point,
the institution of the Lord’s church,
the giving of the and the pouring out of
the Holy Spirit and the power that they
would receive on the day of Pentecost.
They are about to be given authority,
as Jesus said they would in Matthew
chapter sixteen,
and given the keys of the kingdom.
And as he is preparing them not just for
this night,
and not just for the day to come,
and not just for the interim time between
his death and his burial
and his resurrection, but for their
position as the leaders of the church.
Jesus reminds them what I have done.
you must do. He’s not instituting a
process of washing people’s feet.
He’s instituting servant leadership.
He’s instituting that how they treat their
brethren will determine whether
or not they’re his disciples.
Jesus is going to tell them before the
night is over that the world will know
that
they belong to him by their love for one
another.
He will say as he gives them the
instruction,
for I have given you an example that you
should do as I have done to you.
Verse sixteen Most assuredly I say to you,
a servant is not greater than his master,
nor is he who is sent greater than he who
sent him.
He presents a challenge.
If you think you don’t have to serve,
then you think you’re greater than I am.
For I came to serve. He presents them with
an with an instruction,
he presents them with a challenge,
and he presents them with a blessing.
Verse 17.
If you know these things, blessed are you
if you do them.
As you consider learning to love like
Christ,
as you consider the example that Christ
left for us,
it is an example that demonstrates that
position
and prominence and authority simply
designate someone
as a servant of all.
As Jesus will wash their feet,
he demonstrates his love for them.
Not because they were perfect.
But because he was. He demonstrates his
love for them to the end.
No matter what they did, no matter whether
they handled the situation correctly
or not.
But he also demonstrates what he knew that
they didn’t.
He knew what was in their heart.
He knew what was in their mind.
He knew what was behind their motives.
And he loved them anyway.
In Romans chapter 5,
Paul will write of the love of God.
That God demonstrates his love toward us
in that while we were yet sinners,
Christ died for us.
If you consider your love for your
brethren
This very morning, can you say you love
like Christ?
Or perhaps our love is a little bit more
like Peter’s,
a little bit more like John’s,
a little bit more like James or Philip or
Bartholomew,
where we say, yeah, we love them.
They’re our brethren. But I’m not taking
my garment off to wash their feet.
We love them as long as they’re perfect.
We love them as long as they agree with
us.
We love them as long as they always do
what’s right.
Jesus loved them to the end. If you have
need of the invitation
of Christ this morning to put Christ on in
the watery grave of baptism,
to die to self, to be risen, to walk in
newness of life,
to be washed by Christ. Jesus said,
if I don’t wash you, you don’t belong to
me.
You can do that.
If you’re member of the body of Christ and
you’ve decided to love only
as you’ve been loved by your brethren.
Maybe it’s time to set aside the garment,
to once again adorn yourself as a slave
and to serve.
If you have need of the invitation of
Christ,
it is available as we stand and as we
sing.
Genealogy – Ben Shanks – August 19, 2026

Tonight.
I wanted to share a rabbit hole that I’ve
gone down recently.
~ the don’t worry, the whole thing’s the
rabbit hole.
So but I was kind of looking through
It’s unfortunate that my email has
auto-subscribed to a few of the things
that
it has. They include things like Reddit
and Quora and other like places where
people
go to question things. And a lot of
questions come
up around Christianity and the way things
don’t agree with one another in the Bible.
And one of the most glaring spaces where
the Bible appears to disagree with itself
is a very long passage in two different
books.
If you look at the genealogy as it’s set
forth in Matthew versus Luke,
Joseph was two completely different
people,
according to the way the genealogies are
laid out.
So to kind of get us started, I want to go
through the first part of it.
So this is where it matches up because
Abraham back is not included in one,
and ~ the genealogies generally match up
all the way down to Jesse.
After David, you start to see a difference
in the way the genealogies are laid out.
And there’s some reasoning behind that,
which I want to kind of explore tonight.
what are the reasons that the genealogies
are so different in Matthew and in Luke?
So if you look through the history of this
genealogy,
it tells a story. And it starts in the Old
Testament.
So it starts with Adam, who was the first
to deliver sin to the world.
He and his wife Eve brought sin and death
into the world.
And as they brought it,
they were given something in return.
They were given a promise. So they were
given a promise that is fulfilled
at the end of the cycle we’re going to
cover tonight.
So they were given a promise that through
Eve the entire world would be blessed.
So we continue down through that.
And we get to Seth. So the firstborn,
which traditionally has been where this
promise should pass through the
generations,
didn’t go to the firstborn, because the
firstborn murdered the secondborn.
So Seth had to come into being to be re a
replacement for that firstborn.
So that promise that was made to Adam was
passed to Seth.
And as we keep going.
There’s not much to note about the next j
several generations,
but when you get to Enoch, you find
somebody who’s pretty special.
You find somebody who was not only
so good that he followed God,
but he was so good that God took him with
him.
And you get to the next one,
Methuselah, Enoch’s son. And if you look
at the math.
that is tied into how long Methuselah
lived being the longest living man
recorded.
He died in the flood.
So his death coincides with the date of
the flood.
So more than likely Methuselah was not
good enough to survive what his
son was able to survive.
Or what his grandson was able to survive.
Eventually we get to Noah. And in 1 Peter,
1 Peter uses the flood as an example of
what baptism is.
So Noah becomes the example of the first
time baptism into the world where
it was washed clean by water. Then we get
to Shem,
and Shem, through some failure of his
father,
was the one who received the blessing.
From Noah. So that promise that was given
all the way back in the Garden
of Eden was passed through Shem’s line.
And Shem’s line is where we get a lot of
the nations that we’re going
to be interacting with throughout the rest
of the Bible.
So the Jews all come from the Semitic
line.
But so do the Canaanites, so do the
Philistines,
so do all of these people that we’re going
to be interacting with.
All of these people who quickly give up
serving God and turn to idols.
All of these people who worship things
like Molech,
where literally you are to offer your
children to the bronze god that they
set on fire so that your children burn to
provide protection for your people,
that you have human sacrifice even of
adults,
and you have a people who have turned so
far away from the will
of God that they’re almost unrecognizable.
You have Canaan, who’s significant only
that he is not mentioned in some
old Masoric text but was in the
Septuagint.
So when Luke is quoting this, he’s quoting
the passage from the Septuagint.
~ and then you get Peleg. So Paleg is
described
as during his lifetime the world was
divided.
This is when the Tower of Babel happens.
I want you to look at how many generations
are between Noah and Paleg.
It’s a small world still.
So it we’re talking maybe tens of
thousands of people,
not the billions of people we think of as
inhabiting the world today.
It is a very small group of human beings
that are on this earth.
And you see, pay during Peleg’s time the
world was divided because
the languages were separated. And that
caused a scattering of people.
So they take all of their religious
backgrounds.
If you recall, what do they say at Babel?
when they start building a tower.
What do they want to make?
Something to reach God? A name for
themselves.
That is language that is used over and
over and over in
the whole Old Testament to describe men
defying God.
They’re not taking on the image of God.
They’re not taking on the semblance of a
godly people.
They’re trying to make a name for
themselves.
They’re trying to take the power of God.
God is the one who gives people a name.
And you see that in the good examples.
You see humility. You see people not
lauding praises
on themselves when they’re given as good
examples,
but turning to God for salvation.
You see it all throughout the Psalms of
David,
that David over and over and over is
reminded that he should stop sinning
and listen to God, that he should stop
dwelling on his own problems.
And start meditating on the scriptures.
So we see this come back over and over in
the people that follow the
God are the humble, and the people that
follow themselves are evil.
As we keep going through this,
we finally get to Abraham. Abraham is
an interesting man that by the time we
read about him in the New Testament,
he’s called the what? The father of what?
Follower of what? He’s called that too.
He’s called the father of the faithful.
He’s the father of failures in the way his
story is recorded.
Over and over and over through his
journey,
you see Abraham failing to depend on God
and trying to take
it into his own power to save himself,
to save his family. You see it twice with
Sarah,
where he claims she’s his sister,
which she was his sister, but she was also
his wife.
So we see these failures accumulating
through Abraham over and over and over.
In fact, nine are recorded, and he’s
finally successful with the last one,
which frankly is the most horrific thing
that we see in his life,
and that he’s told to sacrifice his son
only for his son to once again
be saved by who? God.
He turned it over and let God take care of
the situation that
he was creating himself.
So we see Abraham taking his entire life
to learn these lessons.
And we see that mistakes pass through to
the son,
but one thing I want to note is in ancient
rabbinical text,
this guy we know of as Shem was still
alive when Abraham was alive.
He lived a hundred years past Abraham’s
death.
And a lot of these old rabbinical texts
mention that that was Melchizedek.
That was the priest and king that they see
one day,
that Abraham sees and offers sacrifice to.
It’s his oldest living ancestor,
is who he’s interacting with at this
point.
Now.
That’s not got that’s not the Bible,
but that’s old rabbinical text,
but it’s interesting to note that that is
what the ancient Hebrews thought,
in that it was Shem that is now known as
Melchizedek,
known by a priestly title. Then we get to
Isaac,
who once again we see loses the line of
secession.
It’s a little less hard and firm in this
one,
in that Ishmael was born through who?
Not his wife, right, born through Hagar.
But Isaac is the secondborn. By all
accounts,
according to the law at the time,
Ishmael should have been one to receive
the birthright,
and that blessing should have passed
through Ishmael.
But that blessing was instead passed down
to Isaac.
Then we see Jacob, who is a secondborn and
a liar and a thief.
All throughout his life we see him doing
the wrong thing over and over till
he finally comes back home. And he reaps
terrible consequences for a
lot of his actions. He ends up with two
wives and two concubines because of this.
He ends up with a multitude of children.
And when he finally comes back home.
He has to encounter God himself to start
to change his life.
He has to wrestle with God, a physical
wrestling to represent all
the wrestling he has been doing by living
in his own devices
and not turning it over to God.
This is a lesson that humanity has always
struggled to learn.
And that’s what we see in this collection
of people who eventually lead
us down to Jesus.
We see a people who are struggling to
accept God for who God is.
We get to Judah. Not only does Jesus not
pass it through the firstborn,
but he doubles down this time.
The firstborn doesn’t get it, the
secondborn doesn’t get it,
the thirdborn doesn’t get it. Their sin
drove the blessing away from them,
and it’s inherited by the fourth.
So in Judah, we see the fourthborn
receiving the blessing.
And Judah
was not a good person either. Judah
Slept with Tamar, who was his
daughter-in-law,
and the son who becomes the line that
David comes through was
a child of incest. It was a child that is
born of Judah and his daughter-in-law.
So we go a little further. we get to
somebody who may or may not belong in the
text.
It’s not in the Masoric text, but it’s in
the Septuagint.
And then we get down to ~
Selah and Rahab. Was Rahab Jewish?
No. Rahab bore Boaz.
Boaz married who? Also not a Jew.
So by the time you get to the person who’s
being set up to be king,
the blood of the Jewish nation has been
almost eliminated from his lineage.
So you have Obed and Jesse, who probably
married Jews,
I don’t know who they married,
but the line of
Of inheritance from Abraham has been
dwindled as part of the process.
So are you seeing a pattern in what we’re
doing here?
What God is doing with these gen with
genealogist generation?
He’s setting up the person who would
eventually be king.
That it’s not a Jew, that it’s not someone
who is from
a lineage of people who are pure and of
people who are honorable.
It’s from a people that he created to
love,
knowing their faults, knowing how many
times they would fail.
So now we get the David
And at David’s point in the text,
there’s two genealogies. They’re
completely different.
In Luke, we have a genealog make sure I’m
right here.
Luke, we have a genealogy through Nathan.
And in Matthew, we have a genealogy
through Solomon.
And we look at those two things,
that’s two completely different lines.
Which one of them was king?
So the inheritance should have passed down
through Solomon.
The blessing should be passing down
through Solomon.
People would connect this idea of the
blessing with a line of kings at this
point,
because they’re going to be descendants of
David.
But when we look at what we’re given,
it’s two completely different genealogies.
They match up in one place in the future.
When you get to Shieldil and Zerubabel,
who were Shield, who was who was
Zerubabel?
Do you remember? He’s not mentioned a lot
in the Bible.
Yep. Yep. Shitel was born in captivity and
remained a captive.
Zerubbabel was the only royal line that
came back.
The only member of the royal line that
came back.
So if they were going to set up a new
king,
it should have been sh through sh through
Zerubbabel,
right? It disappears. There’s no interest
in having a king anymore.
Likely ’cause they weren’t allowed to have
one.
But there doesn’t seem to be any talk or
any discussion around Zerubabel inheriting
the throne. It seems to be something
that’s gone away at this point.
So why do we have two completely different
lineages?
Have you ever ever heard an explanation
for this before?
So when you look at it, there are three
reasons that scholars give for it.
So one of them is that they are both
talking about Joseph’s ancestry.
And Joseph’s ancestry was recorded two
ways.
So he was adopted by the descendant
of Zerubbabel that is mentioned in
Matthew.
And so that’s where he gets his legal
lineage.
But his biological lineage is what’s
traced in Luke.
The other is ~ that there is a
Try to remember exactly what this one is.
Sorry, I said I’m backwards. So that’s the
physical,
that’s the problem of curr progressive
that I can never tell on the screen where
I am. the other one is that he was ~ that
it was a lineage of Mary that is traced in
Luke.
And that the reason Joseph’s name is used
is because legally it would have
to be Joseph to pass the inheritance
along.
But what it’s saying in Luke’s passage is
that Luke is.
Does a lot of effort to document that Mary
was a virgin.
So as part of this, to make sure the
lineage passed through,
it’s mentioned as j supposedly of Joseph,
implying that it’s actually of Mary when
it talks about it in the in the genealogy.
Whereas over in Matthew, it is actually
the the lineage of Joseph.
And the other one is that it was a
Levereite marriage,
so a lot a lot closer to what we see.
With the daughters being passed from son
to son up the up the chain
if somebody dies. Realistically,
of these three choices, there’s a fourth
choice I like a little better.
~ because it does it makes none of these
three matter.
And that choice ties back into what these
genealogies are trying to tell us.
So if you look
At what the purpose of the of the two
books are.
If you look at Matthew, Matthew’s written
to a Jewish community where
the royal lineage would matter.
So Matthew needs to tell the story of how
he ties back from king
to king to king all the way to David.
Whereas Luke is written to Gentiles,
and Gentiles are much more fascinated with
biological
means. They’re much more traded in actual
family,
how father passes the son. If you think
about the Roman Empire at this point,
who is Caesar?
Right, but which Caesar was it?
Sugustus Caesar. Was Augustus Caesar the
biological son of Julius Caesar?
He was adopted. You have a dynasty who
crowns
its descendants through adoption,
not through actual biological genetics.
So it’s something that’s different in the
world now.
It’s something if you look at the passing
of
the baton from ~ I can’t think of his
name,
Philip to Alexander, that was a father-son
relationship.
As soon as Alexander died, generals fought
over the Empire.
The Empire was split up into the
Ptolemaics and the San the I can’t think
of them all right now, but it’s split up
amongst the different generals.
So you’re living in a world where the
inheritance of your genetics don’t matter
the way they matter to the Jews.
Because power doesn’t flow through
manifest destiny,
which is something we bring back later in
the medieval era,
right?
It’s something that flows through strength
and through merit.
So it’s a much different audience that
Luke is trying to target.
He’s trying to target everybody,
not just the Jews. The direction it goes
forward.
It starts with Abraham and goes all the
way to Jesus.
Whereas in Luke, it works backwards.
So it starts with Jesus and goes all the
way,
not just to Abraham.
Not just to Adam, it goes all the way to
God.
So he in Luke is trying to show the
divinity of Jesus.
That this lineage goes all the way through
history till God put the spark
on the earth. If you look at the starting
point,
it’s Abraham, father of the Jews,
right? But it’s traced all the way back to
God in Luke.
If you look at the core theme,
Jesus is the foretold Messiah.
He is the Messiah of prophecy.
And if you look at Luke’s theme,
Jesus is the savior of all of humanity,
not just the Jews. So when you look at who
they’re traced through,
in Matthew, what the Jews would have been
concerned about is how do you
get back to Solomon, David’s son?
But in Luke, it’s traced back to Nathan,
Nathan’s other son, or David’s other son,
not the royal lineage, but
the the biological lineage.
So when we look at it, what I want to take
a look little bit of a closer look
at is why there’s two stories.
If we look back
Here, this one on the left side is the one
through Nathan and the one
on the right side is the one through
Solomon.
How many names during those time periods
do you recognize from Nathan’s line?
If you recognize any, it’s the two that
are highlighted in yellow.
The one that was that was the king in
exile and the one that was
the one that brought people back,
because they’re the only ones mentioned in
the Bible.
But on the other side, you have a line of
kings that held the throne
of David in Judah. So let’s look at a few
of these.
You’re going to see something similar when
we look at this breakdown.
Just like all the people on the first half
of the genealogy,
these were not good people.
Both Solomon and Nathan were sons of
Bathsheba.
How did David end up with Bathsheba?
Adultery and murder.
There’s probably no frame of a wedding
that was described in the Bible that
was more messed up than David’s marriage
to Bathsheba.
So we look at both Solomon and Nathan
descended through this terrible
act where David didn’t just steal his
friend’s wife,
he murdered somebody who was one of his
protectors.
He paid for it with that one, but he
doesn’t appear to have paid for it long
term.
~ you get to Rehboam.
Rehoboam spent his reign punishing
everyone else.
He listened to his friends when they said,
If Solomon taxed them with whips,
you tax them with scorpions. He oppressed
and tried to destroy the kingdom through
ill through.
Incompetence really. And he did destroy
most of it.
Ten of the tribes left during his reign.
You have Abijah, who was a polygamist,
married a bunch of women and kind of made
it his job to collect a harem
as large as he could. You have Asa,
who generally was a good king,
but when his health started failing,
refused to turn back to God, refused to
get rid of idols.
Refuse to do the things that the prophet
said,
if you do these things, God will take care
of you.
Then you have Jehosaphat, who started the
ties back with the Northern Kingdom.
Unfortunately, the king at the time was
everybody’s favorite collection
of stories in the Bible, King Ahab,
the evil.
Who was so a bon rule when you get to
first Kings chapter twenty one?
After this king not willing just to have
an entire kingdom
Listen to his wife when she dwelt on a
vineyard to the point where
he took the vineyard from someone,
and Elijah is spent sent to Saim,
so this is after idolatry, after the bell
worship,
after the murder of all of his priests,
after years of famine. This guy could not
learn.
And in verse nineteen, and thus you shall
speak to him,
saying, Thus saith the Lord, You have
murdered and also taken possession,
and you shall speak to him, saying,
Thus the Lord s thus says the Lord,
in the place where the dogs look up the
blood of Naboth,
and the dog shall look up blood,
even yours. And Ahab said to Elijah,
Have you found me, O my enemy?
And he answered, I have found you,
because you have sold yourself to do evil
in the sight of the Lord.
Behold I will bring in evil upon you and
will utterly sweep you away and
cut you off fr and cut off Ahab every a
cut off from Ahab every male
with bond and both bond and free in
Israel.
And I shall make your house like the house
of Jaboram,
the son of Nebat, and like the house of
Basha,
the son of Ahijah, because you have prov
because of the provocation which
you have provoked me to anger,
and because you have made Israel.
sin.
Ahab is told that his dynasty is going to
be cut off.
That every descendant of his will be
destroyed.
But in the meantime, Jehosaphat,
in his wisdom, had his son married to
Ahab’s daughter.
And Ahab’s daughter was a terrible person,
just like her father.
So she has Jerum commit murder after
murder for him for her,
and then her son Ahaziah makes idolatry
almost policy
in Israel and he lasts a year.
Jehoash killed the prophets,
and his reign was a little longer,
but eventually after Jehoash there’s a
woman on the throne.
The woman that was married to Joram,
she takes the throne,
she kills all of the potential heirs that
aren’t hers,
and takes the throne for herself while her
son is a regent.
Eventually Amaziah takes over the throne,
and he’s killed in battle, the last of the
line of Athaliah.
So at this point.
Ahab’s reign or Ahab’s descendants are
killed to the fourth generation,
the same way it is referred to in Exodus
and Deuteronomy,
when the curse that God’s deliver will be
delivered to the third
and fourth generations. The funny thing
about these three kings,
they’re mentioned in Chronicles.
They’re mentioned in first king in the
book of Kings.
They are not mentioned in Matthew’s
genealogy.
Because Matthew agrees that they’ve been
cut off from the line of secession.
So the line of secession goes back up and
goes to Uzziah.
Uzziah decided took it upon himself to
enter the Holy
of Holies and offer sacrifice himself.
Jotham allowed the idols continue,
had some religious reforms, but he allowed
idolatry to continue in the company,
in the in the country. ~ Ahaz sacrificed
his own children to Molech.
Hezekiah, kind of a religious reformer,
but his pride and vanity got the better of
him when he decided to make
a name for himself and go and fight Egypt.
Manasseh finally sealed Judah’s faith by
adding witchcraft to their sins.
So at his during his reign,
the nation of Judah is sealed that they’re
going to be taken away.
Ammon continued to worship idols.
Josiah was repentant, but he was still
prideful.
Jehoiakim was one of the last straws.
If you turn over to Jeremiah thirty six.
I will just not want to turn there.
thirty six and verse thirty. Thus,
therefore, thus says the Lord concerning
Jehoakim,
King of Judah, he shall have no one to sit
on the throne of David,
and his dead body shall be cast out to the
heat of the day and the frost
of the night.
He was not only removed from the throne,
but his lineage was removed from the
throne,
and he was cast out in a similar fashion,
using words to describe how the scapegoat
is cast out.
So then finally in Jechaniah’s day,
the kingdom’s ended. He’s the king that’s
finally taken captive.
We see Shiltail, who lives a life in
captivity,
and then you see Zerubbabel who actually
brings them back.
But other than that, there’s nothing to
note.
And that nothing to note requires
quotation marks under everybody else until
you get down to Jacob.
the husband of or to Joseph, the husband
of Mary.
As mentioned in the lineage of Luke,
that the other lineage could very well be
the lineage of Mary.
There’s lots of explanations for that.
But the important thing here is that it is
showing that
man was so bad at serving God,
that man was so
Defiant, insistent on making names for
themselves,
that that royal lineage was cut off and it
had to go all
the way back to David to be reestablished
through the line of Nathan.
And that’s the story. That’s why we have
these two different accounts.
Because one is an account of a royal
lineage that is corrupt and void.
And the other is an account of a royal
lineage who
did not make a name for themselves.
They did not try to laud praises,
to increase their wealth, to increase
their strength,
to make sure their names went down in
history.
It was a lineage of people who served God.
And that’s why we have those two lineages,
because it shows us what God is looking
for when He’s looking for someone
to deliver His Son.
So the line, the legal line of Joseph was
cut off.
But the legal line of Mary,
who was known to everybody to be a
descendant of David,
all the early scholars say Mary was was a
direct line descendant of David.
~ but it was showing that
God was providing a pure solution from
people who followed him.
So that’s overall the lineage of of Joseph
and Mary and eventually Jesus.
And in it we see God using this filter of
history.
The same way we see it that the nation of
Israel was being filtered
out and made improved. If you look back
from Abraham,
his entire life was learning to serve God.
If you look at the Israelites,
once the law of Moses was put in place.
What’s the first thing they did?
They built a golden calf and worshipped
it.
Man has always been flawed, but God has
always been trying to remove those flaws
and make us his people, till eventually he
set up
not just this perfect line that Jesus was
biologically going to come through,
but he set up this world through people
like Alexander the Great,
who was amazing at conquering the world,
who took
Hellenic culture all the way to India,
who primed the world to not just be able
to trade with one another,
but to speak the same language.
The law of Rome wasn’t written in Latin.
It was written in Greek so that everybody
could understand it,
because that was the common language.
Who used the nation of Rome when it was
still a republic to build roads
all over Europe.
And all over Africa and all over the
Middle East,
so that the word could be carried,
so that encounters like Philip and the
Ethiopian eunuch could happen on
the road on his way home. God set up all
of these things from the first man in the
garden.
And that’s what Matthew and Luke are
trying to show us:
is that even though there was a line of
People who fail your whose failure after
failure after failure led to Jesus.
God was always designer.
He was always making sure that that path
was there.
And I think that’s what having those two
genealogies show us is that
God has a design and He’s willing to let
us in on it.
But once again, most people just argue
about it because they don’t understand
God’s
design.
But that’s it. Take a break and get ready
for class or get ready for ~ songs.
